Interfacial Tension Oil/water interfacial tension changes were measured by the method outlined in reference (2). Finally, modification of these physico Mchemical interfacial properties on the addition of a chemical demulsifier has been investigated, with a view to determining the additive's ability to destabilize such emulsions. Also, the resistance of interfacial films to expansion/compression has been studied and the effect on coalescence elucidated. The influence of interfacial shear viscosity (and viscoelasticity) on the coagulation stage of emulsion resolution has been examined. Thus, the relevance of oil/water interfacial tension to emulsion formation and stability has been investigated. Static physico-chemical properties of crude oil/water interfaces have been evaluated over a variety of conditions and correlations with emulsion stability, particularly those encountered during oil production and processes, have been sought. The chemical demulsifier is thought to destabilize the emulsion by causing a disintegration of this layer at the interface. This layer provides a resistance to coalescence in the final stage of emulsion breaking. It has been suggested(1) that the structural mechanical properties of the natural crude oil emulsifiers in the interfacial layer surrounding the drop are important. Little experimental information exists for complex crude oil systems. Factors that affect the stability of such emulsions, and the role played by the demulsifier in destabilizing them, are of paramount importance. The breaking of these emulsions, frequently by the addition of a chemical demulsifier, is an essential step. Introduction Stable water-in-crude oil emulsions occur at many stages during the production and processing of much of the world's oil. The paper includes a discussion of interfacial tension, interfacial shear viscosity and interfacial film compressibility, particularly as applied to complex crude oil systems, and deals with the modification of these properties on the addition of a chemical demulsifier. The measurement of static physico-chemical properties of oil-water interfaces provides a useful method of indicating where problem emulsion stability areas arise for water-in-crude oil emulsions and the effectiveness of chemical demulsifiers in resolving these problems.
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